Intshayelelo:
Wowu, le nto intsha isenokuyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo imithetho yomdlalo kwishishini lamandla amatsha lehlabathi! Ngomhla we-12 kweyoMdumba ngo-2025, ijenali ephambili yehlabathi iNature yapapasha inkqubela phambili. Iqela likaPeng Huisheng/Gao Yue waseFudan University eTshayina lasungula into entshaiteknoloji "yokuvuselela" ibhetri ye-lithium, ukwaphula imigaqo yoyilo lwemveli yeebhetri ze-lithium iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, nto leyo enokwandisa ubomi bebhetri ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-10! Ibhetri eqhelekileyo ye-lithium iron phosphate isagcina i-96% yamandla ayo emva kwemijikelo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha eyi-11,818! Uyazi, iibhetri ze-lithium ezikwimarike ngoku zisetyenziswa izihlandlo ezili-1000-2000.
Kuthetha ukuthini oku? I-Tesla yayisoloko ifuna ukutshintsha ibhetri yayo rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-6-8, kodwa ngoku ingaqhutywa iminyaka engama-60 ngaphandle kokuyitshintsha! I-iPhone yakho ingatshajwa kwaye ikhutshwe izihlandlo ezili-10,000 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumbane!
Impembelelo yobuchwepheshe bokulungisa iibhetri ivela kunyango lwabantu
Yazalwa njani le nto imangalisayo?
"Njengokunyanga izifo zabantu, sigxila ekulungiseni imiba ephambili yeebhetri ngelixa sikhusela iindawo zazo ezisempilweni," utshilo uGao Yue, umphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseFudan.
Ekuqaleni, isizathu esiphambili "sokwaluphala" kweebhetri ze-lithium yayikukulahlekelwa zii-ion ze-lithium. Kanye njengokuba ukungabikho kwesondlo esithile emzimbeni womntu kunokubangela ukugula, iibhetri nazo zinokuba nengxaki yokungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yokungondleki kakuhle. Ingcinga ephambili yeqela yile: Ngaba singazizalisa ii-ion ze-lithium ezilahlekileyo kwibhetri njengokunika inaliti kwisigulana?
I-AI inceda ukugqobhoza ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokulinganisela ibhetri
Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana "inaliti" efanelekileyo akuyonto ilula. Le molekyuli yokuthwala kufuneka ngaxeshanye ihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zeempawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali:
- Ukuba nomsebenzi ofanelekileyo we-electrochemical kunye noluhlu lwamandla okubola.
- Ukunyibilika okufanelekileyo kwi-electrolyte.
- Inomoya ozinzileyo kakhulu kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali.
- I-acidity efanelekileyo, i-alkalinity, kunye ne-reaction kinetics.
- Iimveliso ezibolayo mazikhuseleke kwaye zingabi nabungozi.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka kube nexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kube lula ukwandisa imveliso.
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bufumana izinto ezibalulekileyo
Ekubeni kungekho nto ilandelayo, iqela lophando lisebenzise ubuchule bokwenziwa. Baye batshintsha iipropati zeemolekyuli baza basebenzisa ukufunda koomatshini ukufumana iimpendulo kwinani elikhulu le-organic chemistry, i-electrochemistry kunye nedatha yobunjineli bezinto.
Umsebenzi onzima waba nemiphumo emihle! Emva kweminyaka emi-4 yokusebenza nzima, ekugqibeleni bafumene isisombululo esifanelekileyo: i-CF3SO2Li (i-lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate). Le molekyuli ifana nomthuthi omncinci, ophethe ii-electron ze-lithium kwelinye icala kwaye uzikhuphe ngokukhuselekileyo njengegesi kwelinye icala emva kokuba uthutho lugqityiwe.
Iziphumo zovavanyo ziyothusa!
Kolu vavanyo, ibhetri efumene olu "nyango luchanekileyo" yayisasebenza kufutshane nenqanaba lomzi-mveliso nasemva kwemijikelo yokutshaja nokukhupha eyi-12000 ukuya kwi-60000. Oku akupheleli nje ekwandiseni ubomi bebhetri, kodwa kukwabonelela ngesisombululo sobugcisa esinokwenzeka sokusombulula ingxaki yongcoliseko olukhulu lwebhetri.
Okuvuyisayo nangakumbi kukuba le teknoloji ivule amathuba amatsha ngokupheleleyo:
Ndisebenzise inkqubo yebhetri engena-lithium cathode ene-voltage ye-3.0V kunye noxinano lwamandla olufikelela kwi-1192 Wh/kg.
Yenze ibhetri yesikhwama se-polyacrylonitrile cathode esifakwe i-organic sulfurized enobunzima bamandla obuyi-388 Wh/kg.
Impembelelo yoVukelo
Olu tshintsho luza kutshintsha ngokupheleleyo imithetho yomdlalo kwishishini elitsha lamandla:
Iya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenzisa izithuthi zombane, inciphise kakhulu ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo olubangelwa kukukrazulwa kweebhetri, kwaye ivule iingcamango ezintsha zoyilo lweebhetri ezintsha; eyona nto inomdla kukuba ixabiso lale teknoloji liphezulu kakhulu - kulindeleke ukuba libandakanye ngaphantsi kwe-10% yexabiso lilonke lebhetri, oko kuthetha ukuba inokuba luncedo ekusetyenzisweni okukhulu kwezorhwebo!
Njengoko umphandi uGao Yue watshoyo: Nokuba kukwandisa ubomi bebhetri okanye ukuthintela ukushiywa okukhulu kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, olu "nyango luchanekileyo" lubonelela ngesisombululo sobugcisa esinokwenzeka. Olu phando alubonisi nje kuphela amandla amatsha aseTshayina kwicandelo lamandla amatsha, kodwa lukwabhengeza ukufika kwexesha elitsha. Kungekudala, "ixhala lebhetri" linokuba yimbali. Masijonge phambili ekuthengisweni kobu buchwepheshe butsha ngokukhawuleza!
Isicelo seNgqikelelo:
UJacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Impumelelo:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
UNancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Ixesha leposi: Feb-28-2025