Intshayelelo:
Iibhetri zeLithiumbaye bathimba ingqalelo yehlabathi bade bazuza iwonga le-Nobel Prize ngenxa yezicelo zabo eziphathekayo, eziye zanempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lwebhetri kunye nembali yoluntu. Ke, kutheni iibhetri ze-lithium zifumana ingqalelo engaka emhlabeni kwaye zide ziphumelele ibhaso leNobel?
Isihluthulelo sokuqonda ukubaluleka kweebhetri ze-lithium zilele kwiipropati zabo ezizodwa kunye nefuthe lokuguqula abaye banalo kwi-teknoloji kunye noluntu. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri zakwantu, ezixhomekeke kutshintsho lweekhemikhali ezibandakanya iintsimbi ezinzima njengelothe okanye i-cadmium, iibhetri ze-lithium zisebenzisa i-lithium ion ukugcina nokukhulula amandla. Olu yilo lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ubomi obude, kunye nesakhono sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, okubenza lube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Isizathu sokuba iibhetri ze-lithium zithandwa
Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuhoywa ngokubanzi kunye nokunconywaiibhetri ze-lithiumyindima yabo ekwenzeni ukuba kwande izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo. Ukufika kwee-smartphones, iipilisi, kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphathwayo ziguqule unxibelelwano, ukuzonwabisa, kunye nemveliso, kwaye iibhetri ze-lithium zibe luncedo ekuxhobiseni ezi zixhobo. Uyilo lwabo olukhaphukhaphu kunye noluhlangeneyo, ludityaniswa nokukwazi kwabo ukuhambisa amandla athembekileyo nahlala ixesha elide, kubenze babaluleke kakhulu kule mihla yedijithali.
Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kweemoto zombane (EVs) kuye kwaqhubela phambili ukugqwesa kweebhetri ze-lithium. Njengoko ihlabathi lifuna ukutshintshela kude kumafutha efosili kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, ii-EVs ziye zavela njengenye indlela ethembisayo kwiinqwelo ze-injini zokutsha zangaphakathi. Eyona nto iphambili kwimpumelelo yee-EVs ziibhetri ze-lithium eziphezulu ezinokuthi zigcine kwaye zinike amandla amakhulu afunekayo ekuqhubeni ixesha elide. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ephucukileyo ibe yeyona nto iqhubayo emva kokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemarike yemoto yombane, itsala umdla obalulekileyo kubatyali-mali, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noluntu.
Iibhetri ze-lithium ezizinzileyo
Ukongeza kwizicelo zabo kwi-electronics yabathengi kunye nokuthutha, iibhetri ze-lithium nazo zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekudityanisweni kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengamandla elanga kunye nomoya, kwigridi yombane. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezisekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-lithium-ion zenze ukuba kubanjwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo ngamaxesha, kunceda ukuzinzisa igridi kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwi-fossil-based based power power. Eli galelo kutshintsho olusingise kwiziseko ezingundoqo zamandla ezizinzileyo nezomeleleyo lunyuse ngakumbi umgangatho weiibhetri ze-lithiumkwinqanaba lehlabathi.
Ukuqatshelwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ngeBhaso leNobel kwiKhemistry ngo-2019 kugxininise impembelelo enzulu yobu buchwepheshe emhlabeni. Ibhaso lanikezelwa kuJohn B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, kunye no-Akira Yoshino ngomsebenzi wabo wobuvulindlela ekuphuhliseni iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, bevuma igalelo labo ekuphuculeni iteknoloji yokugcina amandla. IKomiti yeNobel igxininise ukubaluleka kweebhetri ze-lithium ekujonganeni nemingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuququzelela utshintsho olubhekiselele kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo.
Ikamva leebhetri ze-lithium
Ukujonga phambili, ingqalelo kunye namawonga afunyenwe nguiibhetri ze-lithiumkusenokwenzeka ukuba ziqhubeke njengoko abaphandi kunye nabachaphazelekayo kushishino bezama ukunyusa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwabo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo. Iinzame eziqhubekayo zokwandisa ubuninzi bamandla, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kuya kubaluleka ekuqinisekiseni ukufaneleka okuqhubekayo kunye nefuthe leebhetri ze-lithium kwindawo yobuchwepheshe eguqukayo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqukumbela, ingqwalasela kunye nokuqatshelwa okufunyenwe ngeebhetri ze-lithium zivela kwindima yazo ebalulekileyo ekunikezeni amandla ukuguqulwa kwedijithali, ukuqhuba umbane wezothutho, kunye nokwenza udibaniso lwamandla avuselelekayo. Ibhaso leNobel elinikezelwa oovulindlela betekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium isebenza njengobungqina bempembelelo enzulu yolu tshintsho kwihlabathi. Njengoko uluntu luqhubeka nokwamkela amandla acocekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, iibhetri ze-lithium zilungele ukuhlala zihamba phambili kwingqalelo yehlabathi kunye nokutsha, ukubumba ikusasa lokugcina amandla kunye nokuzinza.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi, nceda ungalibazisifikelela kuthi.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-22-2024