Intshayelelo:
Iqhutywa yinjongo yehlabathi "yokungakhethi cala kwekhabhoni", ishishini lezithuthi zamandla ezintsha likhula ngesantya esimangalisayo. Njenge "ntliziyo" yezithuthi zamandla ezintsha,iibhetri ze-lithiumzenze igalelo elingenakulibaleka. Ngenxa yobuninzi bayo bamandla kunye nobomi bayo obude, iye yaba yinjini enamandla yolu tshintsho lokuthuthwa okuluhlaza. Njengamacala amabini engqekembe, yonke into inamacala amabini. Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium zisizisa amandla acocekileyo nasebenzayo, zikwahamba nengxaki engenakuyityeshelwa - ukulahlwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo.
Ingxaki yebhetri ye-lithium elahliweyo
Khawuthelekelele ukuba izithuthi ezintsha zamandla zihambahamba ezitalatweni zesixeko. Zithule kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye zidweba umfanekiso omhle wohambo lwethu lwexesha elizayo. Kodwa xa ezi zithuthi zigqibile umsebenzi wazo, kuya kwenzeka ntoni "entliziyweni" yazo - iibhetri ye-lithiumIdatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2025, iibhetri zamandla ezingasetyenziswanga eTshayina kulindeleke ukuba zifikelele kwi-1,100 GWh, okulingana nokuveliswa kwamandla ngonyaka kwezikhululo zamandla ezintlanu zeThree Gorges. Inani elikhulu kangaka, ukuba aliphathwanga ngokufanelekileyo, liya kubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizixhobo.
Iibhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo ziqulathe izixhobo ezininzi zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel. Ukuba sizivumela ukuba zilahleke, kuya kufana nokushiya "iimigodi zasezidolophini". Okuxhalabisayo ngakumbi kukuba iibhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo ziqulathe nezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nee-electrolytes kunye neesinyithi ezinzima. Ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle, ziya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu emhlabeni, kwimithombo yamanzi, nakwimo engqongileyo, kwaye zisongele nempilo yabantu.
Sijongene nemingeni eziswa ziibhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo, asinakuhlala nje singenzi nto, kwaye asinakoyika iibhetri. Endaweni yoko, simele sifune izisombululo ngenkuthalo, siguqule "ingozi" ibe "lithuba", size siqalise indlela yophuhliso oluzinzileyo olunemijikelo eluhlaza. Ngethamsanqa, inkqubela phambili yesayensi netekhnoloji isibonisile indlela esiza kuhamba ngayo. Uguquko oluhlaza oluqhutywa bubuchule betekhnoloji luyavela ngokuzolileyo, luzisa ithemba elitsha "lokuzalwa kwakhona" kweebhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo.
Uguquko oluluhlaza lwebhetri yeLithium, oluguqula inkunkuma ibe bubutyebi
Kule nguqu eluhlaza, kuye kwavela ubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziphambili. Zifana "neengcali ze-alchemist" zomlingo eziphinda zikhuphe izixhobo ezixabisekileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo, zizenze ubutyebi kwaye zivuseleleke.
Masingene "kumzi-mveliso wokuqhaqha inkunkuma"iibhetri ze-lithiumApha, izixhobo zokutyumza nokwahlula iibhetri ze-lithium zifana "nogqirha oqeqeshiweyo". Ziyakwazi ukuqhekeza ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zihlele iibhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo, zahlule iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zebhetri, kwaye zibeke isiseko sokurisayikilisha nokucubungula okulandelayo.
Emva koko, ezi zinto zebhetri zihluziweyo ziya kungena "kwiiworkshop" ezahlukeneyo ukuze zicutshungulwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Izinto ze-electrode ezintle eziqulethe iintsimbi ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel ziya kuthunyelwa "kwiworkshop yokukhupha isinyithi". Ngokusebenzisa i-hydrometallurgy, i-pyrometallurgy kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo ziya kukhutshwa ukuze kwenziwe iibhetri ezintsha ze-lithium okanye ezinye iimveliso.
Izinto zebhetri eziqulethe izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nee-electrolytes kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ziya kuthunyelwa kwindawo ekhethekileyo "yokusebenzela unyango lokusingqongileyo", apho ziya kudlula khona uthotho lweenkqubo zonyango olungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezinobungozi zilahlwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubangela ungcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweebhetri ze-lithium, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo yeyona nto iphambili. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zamkela ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo, ezifana nezixhobo zenkqubo yokuhlaziya inkunkuma ye-lithium edibeneyo.
Esi sixhobo sifana "nomlindi wokukhusela indalo" oxhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo. Sidibanisa amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela afana neenkqubo zokuvala kunye neenkqubo zokucoca, ezinokuthintela ngempumelelo ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokuvuza kwamanzi amdaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe iluhlaza, inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye ikhuselekile.
Iingenelo zoqoqosho zokusebenzisa kwakhona iibhetri ze-lithium
Ezinye iinkampani zikwahlola ngenkuthalo iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ezonga amandla nezokusingqongileyo, njengenkqubo entsha "yokudityaniswa kokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-electrolyte cryogenic" kunye "nokugcina imali eninzi", enokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuphinda zisetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kwaye idibanise ingcamango yokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kuyo yonke ikhonkco.
Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji, ukusebenza kakuhle kokurisayikilisha kunye nenqanaba lokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kweebhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenzisiweyo kuphuculwe kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza igalelo elihle ekurisayikilisheni izixhobo kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
Ukurisayikilisha kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyoiibhetri ze-lithiumayisiyoprojekthi yokukhusela okusingqongileyo kuphela, kodwa ikwanexabiso elikhulu kwezoqoqosho. I-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel kunye nezinye izinyithi ezikhutshwe kwiibhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenzisiweyo zifana nobuncwane bokulala. Nje ukuba ivuswe, ingaphinda ifumane ukukhanya kwayo kwaye idale iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho.
Ukongeza, ubugcisa obutsha bukwayindlela ephambili yokukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium. Kuphela ngokuhlala siphula imiqobo yobugcisa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo apho sinokuthi sisombulule ngokusisiseko iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezibangelwa ziibhetri ze-lithium ezingafunekiyo kwaye sifezekise uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini.
Ngenxa yoku, iinkampani ezininzi kunye namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi andise utyalo-mali lwawo kwi-R&D kwaye ahlolisise ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye neenkqubo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe, kwaye enze uthotho lweempumelelo. Ezinye iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa izixhobo zokuqhaqha ezizenzekelayo ezinokugqibezela ukuqhaqha iibhetri ze-lithium ezilahliweyo ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo; ezinye iinkampani zophando lwezenzululwazi zizimisele ekuphuhliseni ubuchwepheshe bokukhupha isinyithi obunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nobusebenzayo, zizama ukuphucula amazinga okubuyisela isinyithi kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
Isiphelo
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenzisiweyo akuloxanduva lwamashishini noorhulumente kuphela, kodwa kufuna nokuba uluntu lonke luthathe inxaxheba. Njengabathengi abaqhelekileyo, singaqala kuthi size sithathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze sincedise ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo.
Singakhetha ukuthumela iifowuni ezisetyenzisiweyo, iilaptops kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-elektroniki kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe endaweni yokuzilahla ngokuthanda kwethu; xa sithenga izithuthi ezintsha zamandla, sinokubeka phambili iimpawu ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe iibhetri; kufuneka sikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukubaluleka kokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye sikhuthaze abantu abaninzi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kweli nyathelo lokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
Ukurisayikilisha kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyoiibhetri ze-lithiumngumsebenzi omde nonzima, kodwa sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ngemizamo edibeneyo karhulumente, amashishini kunye nawo onke amacandelo oluntu, siya kukwazi ukuqalisa indlela yophuhliso oluluhlaza noluzinzileyo, ukuze iibhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenzisiweyo zingabi ngumthwalo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa zibe sisixhobo esixabisekileyo kwaye zinegalelo ekwakhiweni komhlaba omhle.
Ukuba unemibuzo okanye ungathanda ukwazi okungakumbi, nceda ungathandabuzi ukubuzaqhagamshelana nathi.
Isicelo seNgqikelelo:
UJacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Impumelelo:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
UNancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-15-2024