Intshayelelo:
Iibhetri zeLithiumibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, inika amandla yonke into ukusuka kwii-smartphones kunye neelaptops ukuya kwizithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo. Imbali yeebhetri ze-lithium luhambo olunomdla oluthatha amashumi eminyaka aliqela, luphawulwa yinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji kunye nokutsha. Ukususela kwisiqalo esithobekileyo ukuya kwindawo yabo yangoku njengezisombululo eziphambili zokugcina amandla, iibhetri ze-lithium ziguqule indlela esisebenzisa ngayo kunye nokugcina umbane.
Ukwenziwa kweebhetri ze-lithium
Ibali leiibhetri ze-lithiumisukela kwiminyaka yoo-1970, xa abaphandi baqala ukuhlola amandla e-lithium njengesithako esiphambili kwiibhetri ezinokuphinda zitshajwe. Kwakungeli xesha apho izazinzulu zafumanisa iimpawu ezizodwa ze-lithium, kubandakanywa ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye nendalo ekhaphukhaphu, iyenza ilungele izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo. Oku kufunyaniswayo kwabeka isiseko sophuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, eziza kuqhubeka zilawula imarike yomthengi we-elektroniki kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngo-1979, i-chemist yeYunivesithi yaseOxford uJohn Goodenough kunye neqela lakhe benza impumelelo kwaye baphuhlisa ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion etshajwayo. Lo msebenzi wobuvulindlela wabeka isiseko sokuthengiswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezifumana ngokukhawuleza ukuthandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo obude xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-asidi kunye ne-nickel-cadmium.
Kuyo yonke i-1980 kunye ne-1990, uphando oluninzi kunye neenzame zophuhliso zijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium. Omnye wemingeni ephambili kukufumana i-electrolyte ezinzileyo enokumelana nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu e-lithium ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukhuseleko. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-electrolyte kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ibhetri eziphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Ukuphumelela kweebhetri ze-lithium
Kuyo yonke i-1980 kunye ne-1990, uphando oluninzi kunye neenzame zophuhliso zijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium. Omnye wemingeni ephambili kukufumana i-electrolyte ezinzileyo enokumelana nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu e-lithium ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukhuseleko. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-electrolyte kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ibhetri eziphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Iminyaka yoo-2000 yokuqala yaphawula ukuguquka kweebhetri ze-lithium, kunye nenkqubela phambili kwi-nanotechnology kunye nesayensi yezinto ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwe-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) kunye neebhetri ze-lithium polymer. Ezi khemistri zitsha zebhetri zibonelela ngamandla aphezulu ekuxinaniseni amandla, ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kunye neempawu zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo, zandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium kumacandelo eemoto, i-aerospace kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ikamva leebhetri ze-lithium
Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zombane (EVs) kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yezisombululo zokugcina amandla ziye zaqhuba uphuhliso lwentsebenzo ephezulu.iibhetri ze-lithium. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, intuthuko enkulu kwitekhnoloji yebhetri efana ne-electrolyte eyomeleleyo kunye ne-silicon anode iphucule ngakumbi ukuxinana kwamandla kunye nobomi bomjikelo weebhetri ze-lithium, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo lokugcina amandla amakhulu kunye nokuzinza kwegridi.
Imbali yeebhetri ze-lithium ibonisa ukuphishekela ngokungapheliyo kwezinto ezintsha kunye namandla okuguqula ubuchwepheshe. Namhlanje, iibhetri ze-lithium zisisiseko senguqu yamandla acocekileyo, evumela ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Njengoko ihlabathi lifuna ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kumafutha e-fossil kunye nokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, iibhetri ze-lithium ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikusasa elizinzileyo kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukushwankathela, imbali yophuhliso lweiibhetri ze-lithiumluhambo olungaqhelekanga lokufunyaniswa kwezenzululwazi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nenguqu kwezoshishino. Ukususela kwimihla yabo yokuqala njengezinto ezinomdla kwilabhoratri ukuya kwimeko yabo yangoku njengezisombululo zokugcina amandla kwindawo yonke, iibhetri ze-lithium zihambe indlela ende ekuxhobiseni ihlabathi lanamhlanje. Njengoko siqhubeka nokuvula amandla apheleleyo eebhetri ze-lithium, siya kungenisa ixesha elitsha lokugcinwa kwamandla acocekileyo, athembekileyo kunye nokugcinwa okuzinzileyo okuza kubumba ikamva leplanethi yethu.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi, nceda ungalibazisifikelela kuthi.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-19-2024